Normalization reduces redundancy and keeps data consistent.
Denormalization introduces redundancy to reduce joins and speed up reads.
The real question is: what are you optimizing for?
For OLTP systems, normalized schemas make sense.
But for OLAP workloads, fewer joins and faster query execution often matter more, which is why denormalization is so widely used in practice.
That said, it's not a shortcut. Denormalization builds on a normalized foundation and shifts complexity to data maintenance and consistency.
So it's not either/or; it's about choosing the right trade-off for your workload.
Read more:
https://www.exasol.com/hub/database/normalization-vs-denormalization/